Urban Environments
Urban Populations
Urbanization: Define urbanization and explain the variation in global growth rates and patterns.
Inward Movement: Explain the processes of centripetal movements (rural– urban migration, gentrification, re-urbanization/urban renewal).
Outward Movement: Explain the processes of centrifugal movements (suburbanization, counter-urbanization, urban sprawl).
Natural Change: Explain the contribution of natural change to patterns of population density within urban areas.
The Global Megacity: Explain the global increase in the number and location of megacities (population over 10 million).
Inward Movement: Explain the processes of centripetal movements (rural– urban migration, gentrification, re-urbanization/urban renewal).
Outward Movement: Explain the processes of centrifugal movements (suburbanization, counter-urbanization, urban sprawl).
Natural Change: Explain the contribution of natural change to patterns of population density within urban areas.
The Global Megacity: Explain the global increase in the number and location of megacities (population over 10 million).
Exercises
2. Using the previous map, describe the pattern of urbanization in the world
3. Using the previous graph, describe the trend for Europe and Africa
4. Explain the factors behind the urban growth rate in LEDCs 5. Using the previous graph, Describe the trend for LEDCS
6. Suggest 2 economic consequences to the urban growth in LEDCs
Essay Question: "Explain the role of megacities in the process of urban growth"
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Case StudiesUrban growth: Shanghai
Shanghai is a good example of rapid urban growth in a developing country and the social and economic consequences. Gentrification and urban renewal: Shanghai ancient housing : the Lilong
For the uninitiated, "lilong" developments, perhaps the most distinctive facet of Shanghai's architectural heritage, are a fusion of Chinese courtyards and Western row houses, tall (three stories) and narrow (usually, four meters) residences, organized in a dense, grid-like pattern with east-west and north-south lanes. Most developments are tucked away from main thoroughfares, providing an intimate calm despite the urban hum just a few steps from one's abode. As Shanghai races towards 21st century modernity, many "lilong" have been demolished but several, particularly the structurally sound, have been maintained, sometimes refurbished. Most residents are not well off. Rents are heavily subsidized by the Communist Party; on the open market, downtown real estate value rivals Hong Kong prices.Lilong CharmEach unit houses three families, usually one per floor, so lilong life is, to say the least, intimate. Typical sights and sounds include: laundry hung everywhere, including (brightly-hued) underwear; staccato click-clacks of nightly mahjong competitions; pajama-clad men and women taking out the trash; hawkers roaming about advertising their wares, usually through a megaphone with chant-like monotony; makeshift appurtenances on from balconies to provide extra space for anything from air conditioners to scraggly plants; the yips and yaps of small dogs, often poodles, socializing with other neighborhood pets; the twang of novice violinists; curious neighbors keeping tabs of everyone's comings and goings; bicycles and mopeds, and increasingly cars, in front of every door; occasional, albeit sharply-pitched, altercations, usually about "space infringement. » Huffingtonpost, 08/03/09 |
Urban Land Use: Residential areas
Explain the location of residential areas in relation to wealth, ethnicity and family status (stage in life cycle).
Examine patterns of urban poverty and deprivation (such as slums, squatter settlements, areas of low-cost housing and inner-city areas).
Examine the causes and effects of the movement of socio-economic groups since the 1980s.
Examine patterns of urban poverty and deprivation (such as slums, squatter settlements, areas of low-cost housing and inner-city areas).
Examine the causes and effects of the movement of socio-economic groups since the 1980s.
ExercisesDefine:
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Case StudiesSlums: Dharavi, Mumbai (watch the entire video)
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/05/dharavi-mumbai-slum/dharavi-video-interactive |
Urban Land Use: Areas of economic activities
Explain the spatial pattern of economic activity, the zoning of urban and suburban functions and the internal structure of the central business district (CBD).
Describe the informal sector; its characteristics and location in urban areas.
Examine the causes and effects of the movement of retailing, service and manufacturing activities to new locations, including brownfield sites.
Describe the informal sector; its characteristics and location in urban areas.
Examine the causes and effects of the movement of retailing, service and manufacturing activities to new locations, including brownfield sites.
Exercises
5. Using the Harris & Ullman's Multiple Nuclei Model (above), identify a neighborhood corresponding to each "nuclei" of the model. Use Copenhagen or a city you know better.
6. Explain the Core Frame Model (diagram above)
7. Examine the factors that determine the characteristics and location of areas of economic activities within cities [10] |
Case StudiesØrestad is your best case study for an outlying Business District
General resources:
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Urban Stress
Examine the effects of structures and human activity on urban microclimates, including the urban heat island effect and air pollution.
Examine the other symptoms of urban stress including congestion, overcrowding and noise, depletion of green space, waste overburden, poor quality housing, social deprivation, crime and inequality.
Examine the other symptoms of urban stress including congestion, overcrowding and noise, depletion of green space, waste overburden, poor quality housing, social deprivation, crime and inequality.
ExercisesDefine:
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Case StudiesUrban Waste management: The Zabbaleen community in Cairo
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The Sustainable City
Describe the city as a system in terms of:
- inputs—energy, water, people, materials, products, food (urban agriculture)
- outputs—solid, atmospheric and liquid waste, noise, people.
- sustainable city management
- the urban ecological footprint.
- One socially sustainable housing management strategy.
- One environmentally sustainable pollution management strategy.
- One strategy to control rapid city growth resulting from in-migration.
Exercises
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Case StudiesCase studies on Urban Ecological footprint on the Footprint Network
Copenhagen (poster on the wall D Floor) In your textbook: Curitiba And TED talk on Curitiba here |